Nghiên cứu biến đổi mực nước hồ và độ dày sông băng Tây Tạng bằng ICESat - Vu Hien Phan

Preface

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. The water balance of the Tibetan Plateau

1.2. ICESat laser altimetry

1.3. Organization of this thesis

2. EXPLOITED REMOTE SENSING DATA

2.1. ICESat/GLAS data

2.1.1. GLAS data products

2.1.2. ICESat GLA14 land surface elevation data

2.2. Other remote sensing products

2.2.1. GLIMS / CAREERI glacier mask

2.2.2. MODIS land-water mask

2.2.3. HydroSHEDS hydrographic data

2.2.4. Landsat TM images

3. ASSESSING GLACIAL THICKNESS CHANGES AT THE TIBETAN PLATEAU USING ICESat LASER ALTIMETRY

3.1. Estimating surface slope and roughness from SRTM DEM

3.2. Determining a sampled glacial area

3.3. Identifying a glacial elevation difference

3.4. Different settings with respect to slope and roughness

3.5. Obtaining mean glacial elevation differences

3.6. Estimating a temporal glacial thickness change trend

3.7. Overall glacial thickness changes: Tibetan Plateau and its basins

3.8. Impact of orientation on glacial thickness change

3.9. Exploring terrain surface criteria

3.10. State of the GLIMS glacier mask

3.11. Glacial thickness changes for sub-regions

3.12. Representativeness of an observed glacial area

4. ESTIMATING ANNUAL LAKE LEVEL TRENDS ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

4.1. Annual lake level trends all over the Tibetan Plateau

4.2. Case studies: comparing GLAS results to LEGOS data

4.3. Disadvantages of the supporting image data: the 250 m MODIS land-water mask and Landsat data

4.4. Anomalies in the candidate ICESat lake elevations

4.5. Determining the threshold value in the RANSAC algorithm

4.6. Link to physical processes

5. ASSESSING SEASONAL LAKE LEVEL VARIATIONS USING ICESat LASER ALTIMETRY

5.1. Estimating lake level trends per season

5.2. Obtaining seasonal lake level variations

5.3. Annual trends based on lake levels from fixed seasons

5.4. Lake level changes during the monsoon and the dry season

6. IDENTIFYING GEOMETRIC LINKS BETWEEN GLACIERS AND LAKES ON THE TIBETAN PLATEAU

6.1. Determining the catchment of a Tibetan lake

6.2. Identifying connections between glaciers and lakes

6.3. Calculating the area of a lake catchment

6.4. Computing the total area of glaciers draining into a lake

6.5. Defining the geometric dependency of a lake on glacial runoff

6.6. Lakes with glacial runoff at the Tibetan Plateau

6.7. The hydrological interpretation of geometric dependency on glacial runoff

6.8. Details on computing the geometric dependency of lakes on glacial runoff

Table A: Rates of glacial thickness changes on the Tibetan Plateau between 2003 and 2009

Table B1: Rates of individual lake level changes between 2003 and 2009 on the Tibetan Plateau

Table B2: The list of additional Tibetan observed lakes when the threshold value increases

Table C: Lakes dominated by glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau